Reference
Timelines
Chronological timelines of the ancient world — Egypt, Greece, classical Athens, Sparta, Achaemenid Persia, Alexander, the Roman Republic and Empire, the Peloponnesian War, and the long arc of civilization — cross-linked to the figures and texts behind each event.
A reference layer of chronologies — static, source-based, and cross-linked to the figures, texts and maps each era belongs to. Dates follow conventional ancient chronology. Companion to the maps.
Timeline
Ancient Egypt Timeline
A chronology of ancient Egypt across three thousand years — from the unification of the Two Lands through the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms to Cleopatra and the Roman conquest.
Timeline
Ancient Greece Timeline
A chronology of ancient Greece from the Bronze Age and Homer through the Archaic and Classical ages to the conquests of Alexander and the Hellenistic world.
Timeline
Classical Athens Timeline
A chronology of the Athenian golden age — from the reforms that built the democracy through the age of Pericles and the disaster of the Peloponnesian War to the trial of Socrates.
Timeline
Sparta Timeline
A chronology of Sparta — from the Lycurgan order and the conquest of Messenia through its leadership against Persia and victory over Athens to its fall at Leuctra.
Timeline
Achaemenid Persia Timeline
A chronology of the first world-empire — from Cyrus the Great's founding through Darius's organization and the Greek wars to the conquest by Alexander.
Timeline
Alexander Timeline
A chronology of Alexander the Great — from his accession through the conquest of the Persian Empire to his death at Babylon and the wars of his Successors.
Timeline
Roman Republic Timeline
A chronology of the Roman Republic — from the expulsion of the kings through the conquest of the Mediterranean to the civil wars that destroyed it and brought Augustus to power.
Timeline
Roman Empire Timeline
A chronology of the Roman Empire — from Augustus and the Principate through the high empire and the third-century crisis to Constantine and the late empire.
Timeline
Peloponnesian War Timeline
A chronology of the twenty-seven-year war between Athens and Sparta that broke the classical Greek world, as recorded by Thucydides and continued by Xenophon.
Timeline
Civilization Timeline
A grand chronology of the ancient civilizations the platform reads — Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Greece, Macedon and Rome — across three thousand years from the first states to the fall of the western empire.